主谓一致的用法
主谓一致是指：
1.语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2. 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3. 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词用动词复数。
1.集合名词作主语的主谓一致
集合名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, couple, family, group, government, party, staff, team, union, public等
e.g. The family has lived in the house for over 20 years.
The family are going abroad for a holiday.
有些集合名词，如：folk, people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，动词总是用复数形式。
e.g. Cattle are eating in the field.
The police carry weapons.
2. 复数名词形式作主语的主谓一致
以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名等作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 e.g. The United States is composed of fifty states.
The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer.(《坎特伯雷故事集》是由乔叟写的）
表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数形式。
e.g. The Alps are in Europe.
The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean.
3. 就近原则
当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
e.g. There was a watch, a few suits of clothes, and two ties in the suitcase.
There are several pens and a piece of paper
当not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...but 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
e.g. Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
Either he or I am right.
句子由副词here, there开头，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也与最邻近的主语一致。
e.g. Here is an apple, two bananas and some oranges for you.
4. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后跟有with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, except等词引导的短语时， 谓语动词应与前面的主语一致。
e.g. The pilot, as well as two of the passengers has escaped death.
No one except two servants was late for dinner.
Doctor Smith, together with his wife and two sons, is to arrive on the evening flight.
5.谓语用单数的情况
代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
e.g. Each of us has an computer.
There is something good for your health
表示金钱、时间、度量衡、价格的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。
e.g. Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.
不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Reading often means learning .
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.
What he said has been recorded .(他说的话已被录音了)
a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. (一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出)
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.
The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death. (近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命)
如果主语时由more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍采取单数形式。
e.g. There is more than one answer to your question.
Many a man has sacrificed him for the cause(事业) of the revolution.
但是由more than…of…作主语时，动词形式应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
e.g. More than 60 percent of the students are from this city.
each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. Each boy and each girl is congratulated.
No teacher and no student was present.
当 and 并列的主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.
Whisky and Soda is always my favorite drink.
6. 谓语动词用复数的情况
both…and…连接连个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
e.g. Both rice and cotton grow in abundance in this part of China.
a number (variety) of +可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. A number of students are from south.
There are a variety of shoes on sale in the shop.
在“one of +复数名词或代词+定语从句”结构中，分句中的谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
He is one of the few persons I know who have learnt from experience.