一、比较级前使用冠词的5大原则
比较级前通常不用冠词,但有时也用,主要遵循以下原则:
1. 当比较级后接名词时,比较级前可能用冠词,此时的冠词不是修饰比较级,而是修饰其后的名词。如:
Which of them is the better choice?―Well, it's hard to tell. 他们谁是更合适的人选?――嗯,这很难说。
Some of the more time-consuming jobs can now be done by machines. 有些更费时间的工作现在可以用机器做了.
但是,若受比较级修饰的名词为表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词,则仍不用冠词。如:
He's got more money than the rest of us (put) together. 他的钱比我们大家的加在一起的总数还多。
Fewer people write with their left hand than with their right. 用左手写字的人比用右手的少。
2. 当要特指两者中“较(更)……”时,比较级前通常要带定冠词,此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one,即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。如:
Which of the two methods is the better? 这两种方法哪一种更好?
Of the two possibilities, this is more likely than that. 两个可能性中,后者比前者更可能。
3. 在比较级前用the表示程度(通常有表示原因、理由或条件的短语或从句)。如:
He's had a holiday and looks the better for it. 他度假之后,气色好多了。
I love him all the more for his faults. 正因为他这些缺点,所以我越发爱他。
4. 用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。如:
The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年纪越轻,学习越容易。
The better I know her, the more I admire her. 我对她越了解,我就越爱慕她。
The more money you make, the more you spend. 你挣的钱越多,花的钱也越多。
5. 当by far用于修饰比较级且置于其前时,比较级前要用the。如:
He is by far the cleverer than her. 他比她聪明得多。
It's quicker by far to go by train. 坐火车去要快得多。
注:与比较级连用,通常要放在比较级之后,若放在比较级前,则比较级通常应带有冠词。如:
He is cleverer by far than her.
It's by far the quicker to go by train.
二、最高级前使用冠词的5种情形
最高级前通常要用冠词,但有时不用,主要遵循以下原则
1. 在形容词最高级前通常用the。如:
He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少,但教得最好。
2. 当最高级形容词用作表语(尤其是用于which后)且不带比较范围时,the有时(尤其是非正式场合)可以省略。如:
This dictionary is (the) best. 这本词典最好。
Which of the boys is (the) strongest? 这些男孩子当中哪个力气最大?
但是,当处于表语位置的最高级带有比较范围或带有限定性修饰语时,其前的the通常不能省去。如:
This dictionary is the best I could find. 这是我能找到的最好的词典。
He was the strongest of all the students. 他是所有学生中最强壮的。
3. 当most表示“非常”时,若其后形容词所修饰的名词为单数可数且表示泛指意义,那么其前用不定冠词而不用定冠词。如:
I had a most unpleasant time at the dentist's. 我在牙医那里受了大罪。
She is a most mysterious person. 她是一个非常神秘的人。
4. 当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时,处于表语位置的最高级形容词前不能加the。如:
It's safest to go by bus. 坐公共汽车去最安全。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。
比较:
He's busiest on Sunday. 他星期天最忙。(他与自己平时比)
He's the busiest of all the people here. 他是这儿所有人当中最忙的。(他与别人比)
5. 与形容词的最高级一样,当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时,副词最高级前也不能加the。如:
He works hardest when he's doing something for his family. 他为自己家做事时最卖力。
比较:
Of all the workers, he works (the) hardest. 在所有工人中,他干活最卖力。